National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • Asia-Pacific
AFSA
KazakhstanAlbanian Financial Supervisory Authority
Source / Native Reference: 阿尔巴尼亚金融监管局
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-3
- License classes
- 2
- Licensed records
- 3
- Active / regulated
- 2
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
Albanian Financial Supervisory Authority (AFSA) is the Tier-3 statutory financial markets and securities supervisory authority in Albania. It grants and supervises financial services licences across broker-dealers, investment advisers, asset managers, and market operators, enforcing initial and ongoing prudential capital requirements, segregated client asset rules, market conduct standards, and public register disclosures.
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-3Tier-3 national capital markets, securities, and derivatives supervisory authority in Kazakhstan, IOSCO member standards-aligned.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (AFSA)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by AFSA in Kazakhstan.
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category 1 / Principal Broker-Dealer | Full-Scope Securities & Derivatives Dealer (Market Maker / Principal) | Dealing as principal or market maker in securities, FX, CFDs, futures, options, and underwriting. | USD $150,000 – $500,000 equivalent minimum paid-up capital | Risk-weighted capital adequacy + minimum liquid capital buffer ≥ 25% of annual fixed overheads. |
| Category 2 / Agency Broker & Asset Manager | Securities Brokerage (Agency / STP) & Discretionary Portfolio Management Licence | Order execution, reception and transmission of client orders, discretionary portfolio management, and investment advisory. | USD $75,000 – $150,000 equivalent minimum paid-up capital | Strict client money segregation, best-execution monitoring, and quarterly regulatory financial returns. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under AFSA.
National Investor Protection / Compensation Scheme (Kazakhstan)
- Maximum coverage per client
- Subject to statutory national investor protection fund limits and segregated trust priority
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Retail clients of licensed securities and investment brokerage firms.
AFSA Client Money & Safe Custody Segregation Rules
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- Daily reconciliation of segregated client trust bank accounts against client trading ledger balances.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Client funds and securities must be held in bankruptcy-remote statutory trust accounts at licensed commercial banks or central securities depositories.
AFSA Digital Asset / Tokenized Securities & VASP Regulatory Framework
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- FATF Recommendation 16 Travel Rule enforcement and institutional qualified custody standards.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- Securities and Capital Markets Act of Kazakhstan
- AFSA Licensing, Prudential Capital Adequacy & Conduct of Business Rules
- Client Money & Custody Asset Segregation Regulations (Kazakhstan)
- IOSCO Principles of Securities Regulation & National AML/CFT Rulebook
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Quarterly capital adequacy returns and annual IFRS audited financial statements submitted to AFSAAnnual independent auditor attestation on Client Money and Safe Custody complianceTransaction reporting, market abuse surveillance (MAR), and AML/CFT suspicious activity reporting
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Operates under Kazakhstan national jurisdiction and IOSCO MMoU cross-border supervisory cooperation.
Supervised institutions & AFSA licence records in our database
3 licence records referencing AFSA (2 regulated/registered).
| Institution | Licence number | Status | Licensed legal entity | Effective date | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BAM(Global network record) | 211040900220 | Regulated | BN KZ Technologies Limited | — | |
| Binance(Global network record) | Not supplied | Offshore | BN KZ Technologies Limited | 2022 | |
| bybit(Global network record) | AFSA-A-LA-2024-0027 | Regulated | Bybit Limited | 2021-11-04 |
AFSA (Kazakhstan): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under AFSA (Kazakhstan)?
AFSA (Albanian Financial Supervisory Authority) supervises financial institutions in Kazakhstan under Securities and Capital Markets Act of Kazakhstan and AFSA Licensing, Prudential Capital Adequacy & Conduct of Business Rules. Key statutory authorisation classes include: Category 1 / Principal Broker-Dealer (Full-Scope Securities & Derivatives Dealer (Market Maker / Principal) — min. capital: USD $150,000 – $500,000 equivalent minimum paid-up capital); Category 2 / Agency Broker & Asset Manager (Securities Brokerage (Agency / STP) & Discretionary Portfolio Management Licence — min. capital: USD $75,000 – $150,000 equivalent minimum paid-up capital). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does AFSA provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under AFSA's framework, investor protection is governed by National Investor Protection / Compensation Scheme (Kazakhstan) with maximum coverage of Subject to statutory national investor protection fund limits and segregated trust priority (Retail clients of licensed securities and investment brokerage firms.). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with AFSA Client Money & Safe Custody Segregation Rules, performing daily reconciliation of segregated client trust bank accounts against client trading ledger balances. with client funds and securities must be held in bankruptcy-remote statutory trust accounts at licensed commercial banks or central securities depositories..
How does AFSA regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
AFSA's digital-asset regime is structured around AFSA Digital Asset / Tokenized Securities & VASP Regulatory Framework (Regulates security tokens, crypto derivatives, and licensed digital asset intermediaries in Kazakhstan.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: FATF Recommendation 16 Travel Rule enforcement and institutional qualified custody standards.
How can I verify an institution's AFSA licence number and check our 3 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 3 licence records referencing AFSA (2 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open AFSA's official public register (https://amf.gov.al/), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from ETFYield Lab relevant to AFSA and Kazakhstan.
ETF Structure & Yield Engineering
Institutional ETF Creation-Redemption Arbitrage, SEC Rule 6c-11 Custom Baskets, and Cross-Border UCITS Withholding Tax Yield Architecture (2026)
An empirical quantitative analysis of Authorised Participant (AP) primary-market arbitrage bands, SEC Rule 6c-11 and IRC Section 852(b)(6) in-kind capital gains shielding, fixed-income ETF NAV-to-market basis dynamics, and Irish ICAV 15% vs 30% US dividend withholding tax alpha.
Fixed Income ETFs & Market Microstructure
SEC Rule 6c-11 Custom Creation Baskets, Fixed-Income ETF NAV Arbitrage & After-Tax Yield Drag Model (2026)
Authorized Participant (AP) custom creation and redemption baskets under SEC Rule 6c-11 refer to non-pro-rata fixed-income portfolio transfers that allow ETF issuers to purge low-basis, illiquid, or off-the-run bonds in-kind without realizing distributable capital gains, compressing annualized after-tax yield drag by 42 to 118 basis points compared with open-end mutual funds.
Treasury Ladders & Yield Math
SGOV vs BIL vs TLT: 30-Day SEC Yield vs Distribution Yield Math & ETF Fee Drag Analysis (2026)
30-Day SEC Yield refers to a standardized net annualized yield metric mandated by the SEC that deducts fund expense ratios from 30-day portfolio income.
Treasury Ladders & Yield Math
iShares 0-3 Month Treasury Bond ETF (SGOV) Yield & Fee Benchmark: 30-Day SEC Yield vs. Trailing 12-Month Distribution Yield Audit (4.31% 30-Day SEC Yield (3 bps ER) Benchmark)
iShares 0-3 Month Treasury Bond ETF (SGOV) Yield & Fee Benchmark (SGOV-0-3M-UST) stands at 4.31% (30-Day SEC Yield (3 bps ER)) (Source: SEC Form N-1A / U.S. Treasury, 2026-10-20), governing Form N-1A Item 26 accrual acco
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for AFSA (Kazakhstan) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on AFSA’s official public register.